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As summer temperatures continue to rise, one of the biggest issues facing laying hen producers is heat stress. Heat stress causes many physiological issues that lead to economic losses, including increased oxidative stress, improper acid-base balance, and suppressed immune systems.
The dairy industry uses a wide array of feed ingredients that can vary substantially in their chemical stability. When slightly reactive ingredients (more acidic or basic) make physical contact with other reactive ingredients, there is always the potential for unwanted chemical reactions that mostly result in heating and activation of free moisture.
Yeasts are microorganisms that are an excellent source of bioactive compounds that have various nutritional and functional benefits to animals.
One of the greatest challenges to dairy producers in North America is heat stress, whether chronic or short-term. Even in dairy production areas where there is less humidity, evening and night cooling can still be limited during the hottest part of the season.
Natural choline sources occur at meaningful levels in most feed ingredients, thus choline is not considered a vitamin in the classic sense. That said, the feed industry has learned from experience that there are many feeding conditions where choline becomes inadequate for optimum animal health and performance.
Phosphorus (P) is an essential element for appropriate growth, development, and production. Phosphorus is the second most abundant element in the body, after calcium, and is mostly stored in bones and teeth.
Where do they come from and how they are used?
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